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The Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances is a political agreement signed in Budapest, Hungary on 5 December 1994, providing security assurances by its signatories relating to Ukraine's accession to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. The Memorandum was originally signed by three nuclear powers, the Russian Federation, the United States of America, and the United Kingdom. China and France gave somewhat weaker individual assurances in separate documents.〔 The memorandum included security assurances against threats or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of Ukraine, as well as those of Belarus and Kazakhstan. As a result, Ukraine gave up the world's third largest nuclear weapons stockpile between 1994 and 1996,〔 of which Ukraine had physical if not operational control.〔〔 The use of the weapons was dependent on Russian-controlled electronic Permissive Action Links and the Russian command and control system. Following the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in 2014, the US, Canada, the UK, along with other countries,〔http://news.nationalpost.com/2014/03/24/there-is-no-g8-russia-suspended-from-exclusive-club-until-it-changes-course-group-of-seven-nations-says/〕 stated that Russian involvement is a breach of its obligations to Ukraine under the Budapest Memorandum, a Memorandum signed by Sergei Lavrov,〔(msz.gov.pl )〕 and in violation of Ukrainian sovereignty and territorial integrity. Russia stated that the Budapest Memorandum does not apply to the 2014 annexation, stating that it was driven by an internal political and social-economic crisis. Russia stated it was never under obligation to "force any part of Ukraine's civilian population to stay in Ukraine against its will." Russia suggested that the US was in violation of the Budapest Memorandum, describing the Euromaidan as a "US-instigated coup".〔(Медведев: Россия не гарантирует целостность Украины, BBC )〕 ==Content== According to the memorandum, Russia, the U.S., and the UK confirmed, in recognition of Ukraine becoming party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and in effect abandoning its nuclear arsenal to Russia, that they would: # Respect Ukrainian independence and sovereignty and the existing borders.〔http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G94/652/92/PDF/G9465292.pdf?OpenElement〕 # Refrain from the threat or use of force against Ukraine. # Refrain from using economic pressure on Ukraine in order to influence its politics. # Seek immediate United Nations Security Council action to provide assistance to Ukraine, "if Ukraine should become a victim of an act of aggression or an object of a threat of aggression in which nuclear weapons are used". # Refrain from the use of nuclear arms against Ukraine. # Consult with one another if questions arise regarding these commitments.〔(Memorandum on Security Assurances )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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